.. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-2.0-UK

***************************
``devtool`` Quick Reference
***************************

The ``devtool`` command-line tool provides a number of features that
help you build, test, and package software. This command is available
alongside the ``bitbake`` command. Additionally, the ``devtool`` command
is a key part of the extensible SDK.

This chapter provides a Quick Reference for the ``devtool`` command. For
more information on how to apply the command when using the extensible
SDK, see the ":doc:`/sdk-manual/extensible`" chapter in the Yocto
Project Application Development and the Extensible Software Development
Kit (eSDK) manual.

.. _devtool-getting-help:

Getting Help
============

The ``devtool`` command line is organized similarly to Git in that it
has a number of sub-commands for each function. You can run
``devtool --help`` to see all the commands::

   $ devtool --help
   NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
   usage: devtool [--basepath BASEPATH] [--bbpath BBPATH] [-d] [-q] [--color COLOR] [-h] <subcommand> ...

   OpenEmbedded development tool

   options:
     --basepath BASEPATH   Base directory of SDK / build directory
     --bbpath BBPATH       Explicitly specify the BBPATH, rather than getting it from the metadata
     -d, --debug           Enable debug output
     -q, --quiet           Print only errors
     --color COLOR         Colorize output (where COLOR is auto, always, never)
     -h, --help            show this help message and exit

   subcommands:
     Beginning work on a recipe:
       add                   Add a new recipe
       modify                Modify the source for an existing recipe
       upgrade               Upgrade an existing recipe
     Getting information:
       status                Show workspace status
       latest-version        Report the latest version of an existing recipe
       check-upgrade-status  Report upgradability for multiple (or all) recipes
       search                Search available recipes
     Working on a recipe in the workspace:
       build                 Build a recipe
       rename                Rename a recipe file in the workspace
       edit-recipe           Edit a recipe file
       find-recipe           Find a recipe file
       configure-help        Get help on configure script options
       update-recipe         Apply changes from external source tree to recipe
       reset                 Remove a recipe from your workspace
       finish                Finish working on a recipe in your workspace
     Testing changes on target:
       deploy-target         Deploy recipe output files to live target machine
       undeploy-target       Undeploy recipe output files in live target machine
       build-image           Build image including workspace recipe packages
     Advanced:
       create-workspace      Set up workspace in an alternative location
       import                Import exported tar archive into workspace
       export                Export workspace into a tar archive
       extract               Extract the source for an existing recipe
       sync                  Synchronize the source tree for an existing recipe
       menuconfig            Alter build-time configuration for a recipe
   Use devtool <subcommand> --help to get help on a specific command

As directed in the general help output, you can
get more syntax on a specific command by providing the command name and
using ``--help``::

   $ devtool add --help
   NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
   usage: devtool add [-h] [--same-dir | --no-same-dir] [--fetch URI] [--npm-dev] [--no-pypi] [--version VERSION] [--no-git] [--srcrev SRCREV | --autorev]
                      [--srcbranch SRCBRANCH] [--binary] [--also-native] [--src-subdir SUBDIR] [--mirrors] [--provides PROVIDES]
                      [recipename] [srctree] [fetchuri]

   Adds a new recipe to the workspace to build a specified source tree. Can optionally fetch a remote URI and unpack it to create the source tree.

   arguments:
     recipename            Name for new recipe to add (just name - no version, path or extension). If not specified, will attempt to auto-detect it.
     srctree               Path to external source tree. If not specified, a subdirectory of /media/build1/poky/build/workspace/sources will be used.
     fetchuri              Fetch the specified URI and extract it to create the source tree

   options:
     -h, --help            show this help message and exit
     --same-dir, -s        Build in same directory as source
     --no-same-dir         Force build in a separate build directory
     --fetch URI, -f URI   Fetch the specified URI and extract it to create the source tree (deprecated - pass as positional argument instead)
     --npm-dev             For npm, also fetch devDependencies
     --no-pypi             Do not inherit pypi class
     --version VERSION, -V VERSION
                           Version to use within recipe (PV)
     --no-git, -g          If fetching source, do not set up source tree as a git repository
     --srcrev SRCREV, -S SRCREV
                           Source revision to fetch if fetching from an SCM such as git (default latest)
     --autorev, -a         When fetching from a git repository, set SRCREV in the recipe to a floating revision instead of fixed
     --srcbranch SRCBRANCH, -B SRCBRANCH
                           Branch in source repository if fetching from an SCM such as git (default master)
     --binary, -b          Treat the source tree as something that should be installed verbatim (no compilation, same directory structure). Useful with binary packages e.g. RPMs.
     --also-native         Also add native variant (i.e. support building recipe for the build host as well as the target machine)
     --src-subdir SUBDIR   Specify subdirectory within source tree to use
     --mirrors             Enable PREMIRRORS and MIRRORS for source tree fetching (disable by default).
     --provides PROVIDES, -p PROVIDES
                           Specify an alias for the item provided by the recipe. E.g. virtual/libgl

.. _devtool-the-workspace-layer-structure:

The Workspace Layer Structure
=============================

``devtool`` uses a "Workspace" layer in which to accomplish builds. This
layer is not specific to any single ``devtool`` command but is rather a
common working area used across the tool.

The following figure shows the workspace structure:

.. image:: figures/build-workspace-directory.png
   :align: center
   :scale: 70%

.. code-block:: none

   attic - A directory created if devtool believes it must preserve
           anything when you run "devtool reset".  For example, if you
           run "devtool add", make changes to the recipe, and then
           run "devtool reset", devtool takes notice that the file has
           been changed and moves it into the attic should you still
           want the recipe.

   README - Provides information on what is in workspace layer and how to
            manage it.

   .devtool_md5 - A checksum file used by devtool.

   appends - A directory that contains *.bbappend files, which point to
             external source.

   conf - A configuration directory that contains the layer.conf file.

   recipes - A directory containing recipes.  This directory contains a
             folder for each directory added whose name matches that of the
             added recipe.  devtool places the recipe.bb file
             within that sub-directory.

   sources - A directory containing a working copy of the source files used
             when building the recipe.  This is the default directory used
             as the location of the source tree when you do not provide a
             source tree path.  This directory contains a folder for each
             set of source files matched to a corresponding recipe.

.. _devtool-adding-a-new-recipe-to-the-workspace:

Adding a New Recipe to the Workspace Layer
==========================================

Use the ``devtool add`` command to add a new recipe to the workspace
layer. The recipe you add should not exist --- ``devtool`` creates it for
you. The source files the recipe uses should exist in an external area.

The following example creates and adds a new recipe named ``jackson`` to
a workspace layer the tool creates. The source code built by the recipes
resides in ``/home/user/sources/jackson``::

   $ devtool add jackson /home/user/sources/jackson

If you add a recipe and the workspace layer does not exist, the command
creates the layer and populates it as described in
":ref:`devtool-the-workspace-layer-structure`" section.

Running ``devtool add`` when the workspace layer exists causes the tool
to add the recipe, append files, and source files into the existing
workspace layer. The ``.bbappend`` file is created to point to the
external source tree.

.. note::

   If your recipe has runtime dependencies defined, you must be sure
   that these packages exist on the target hardware before attempting to
   run your application. If dependent packages (e.g. libraries) do not
   exist on the target, your application, when run, will fail to find
   those functions. For more information, see the
   ":ref:`ref-manual/devtool-reference:deploying your software on the target machine`"
   section.

By default, ``devtool add`` uses the latest revision (i.e. master) when
unpacking files from a remote URI. In some cases, you might want to
specify a source revision by branch, tag, or commit hash. You can
specify these options when using the ``devtool add`` command:

-  To specify a source branch, use the ``--srcbranch`` option::

      $ devtool add --srcbranch &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; jackson /home/user/sources/jackson

   In the previous example, you are checking out the &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;
   branch.

-  To specify a specific tag or commit hash, use the ``--srcrev``
   option::

      $ devtool add --srcrev &DISTRO_REL_TAG; jackson /home/user/sources/jackson
      $ devtool add --srcrev some_commit_hash /home/user/sources/jackson

   The previous examples check out the
   &DISTRO_REL_TAG; tag and the commit associated with the
   some_commit_hash hash.

.. note::

   If you prefer to use the latest revision every time the recipe is
   built, use the options ``--autorev`` or ``-a``.

.. _devtool-extracting-the-source-for-an-existing-recipe:

Extracting the Source for an Existing Recipe
============================================

Use the ``devtool extract`` command to extract the source for an
existing recipe. When you use this command, you must supply the root
name of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or extensions), and you must
supply the directory to which you want the source extracted.

Additional command options let you control the name of a development
branch into which you can checkout the source and whether or not to keep
a temporary directory, which is useful for debugging.

.. _devtool-synchronizing-a-recipes-extracted-source-tree:

Synchronizing a Recipe's Extracted Source Tree
==============================================

Use the ``devtool sync`` command to synchronize a previously extracted
source tree for an existing recipe. When you use this command, you must
supply the root name of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or
extensions), and you must supply the directory to which you want the
source extracted.

Additional command options let you control the name of a development
branch into which you can checkout the source and whether or not to keep
a temporary directory, which is useful for debugging.

.. _devtool-modifying-a-recipe:

Modifying an Existing Recipe
============================

Use the ``devtool modify`` command to begin modifying the source of an
existing recipe. This command is very similar to the
:ref:`add <devtool-adding-a-new-recipe-to-the-workspace>` command
except that it does not physically create the recipe in the workspace
layer because the recipe already exists in an another layer.

The ``devtool modify`` command extracts the source for a recipe, sets it
up as a Git repository if the source had not already been fetched from
Git, checks out a branch for development, and applies any patches from
the recipe as commits on top. You can use the following command to
checkout the source files::

   $ devtool modify recipe

Using the above command form, ``devtool`` uses the existing recipe's
:term:`SRC_URI` statement to locate the upstream source,
extracts the source into the default sources location in the workspace.
The default development branch used is "devtool".

.. _devtool-edit-an-existing-recipe:

Edit an Existing Recipe
=======================

Use the ``devtool edit-recipe`` command to run the default editor, which
is identified using the ``EDITOR`` variable, on the specified recipe.

When you use the ``devtool edit-recipe`` command, you must supply the
root name of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or extensions). Also,
the recipe file itself must reside in the workspace as a result of the
``devtool add`` or ``devtool upgrade`` commands.

.. _devtool-updating-a-recipe:

Updating a Recipe
=================

Use the ``devtool update-recipe`` command to update your recipe with
patches that reflect changes you make to the source files. For example,
if you know you are going to work on some code, you could first use the
:ref:`devtool modify <devtool-modifying-a-recipe>` command to extract
the code and set up the workspace. After which, you could modify,
compile, and test the code.

When you are satisfied with the results and you have committed your
changes to the Git repository, you can then run the
``devtool update-recipe`` to create the patches and update the recipe::

   $ devtool update-recipe recipe

If you run the ``devtool update-recipe``
without committing your changes, the command ignores the changes.

Often, you might want to apply customizations made to your software in
your own layer rather than apply them to the original recipe. If so, you
can use the ``-a`` or ``--append`` option with the
``devtool update-recipe`` command. These options allow you to specify
the layer into which to write an append file::

   $ devtool update-recipe recipe -a base-layer-directory

The ``*.bbappend`` file is created at the
appropriate path within the specified layer directory, which may or may
not be in your ``bblayers.conf`` file. If an append file already exists,
the command updates it appropriately.

.. _devtool-checking-on-the-upgrade-status-of-a-recipe:

Checking on the Upgrade Status of a Recipe
==========================================

Upstream recipes change over time. Consequently, you might find that you
need to determine if you can upgrade a recipe to a newer version.

To check on the upgrade status of a recipe, you can use the
``devtool latest-version recipe`` command, which quickly shows the current
version and the latest version available upstream. To get a more global
picture, use the ``devtool check-upgrade-status`` command, which takes a
list of recipes as input, or no arguments, in which case it checks all
available recipes. This command will only print the recipes for which
a new upstream version is available. Each such recipe will have its current
version and latest upstream version, as well as the email of the maintainer
and any additional information such as the commit hash or reason for not
being able to upgrade it, displayed in a table.

This upgrade checking mechanism relies on the optional :term:`UPSTREAM_CHECK_URI`,
:term:`UPSTREAM_CHECK_REGEX`, :term:`UPSTREAM_CHECK_GITTAGREGEX`,
:term:`UPSTREAM_CHECK_COMMITS` and :term:`UPSTREAM_VERSION_UNKNOWN`
variables in package recipes.

.. note::

   -  Most of the time, the above variables are unnecessary. They are only
      required when upstream does something unusual, and default
      mechanisms cannot find the new upstream versions.

   -  For the ``oe-core`` layer, recipe maintainers come from the
      :yocto_git:`maintainers.inc </poky/tree/meta/conf/distro/include/maintainers.inc>`
      file.

   -  If the recipe is using the :ref:`bitbake:bitbake-user-manual/bitbake-user-manual-fetching:git fetcher (\`\`git://\`\`)`
      rather than a tarball, the commit hash points to the commit that matches
      the recipe's latest version tag, or in the absence of suitable tags,
      to the latest commit (when :term:`UPSTREAM_CHECK_COMMITS` set to ``1``
      in the recipe).

As with all ``devtool`` commands, you can get help on the individual
command::

   $ devtool check-upgrade-status -h
   NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
   usage: devtool check-upgrade-status [-h] [--all] [recipe [recipe ...]]

   Prints a table of recipes together with versions currently provided by recipes, and latest upstream versions, when there is a later version available

   arguments:
     recipe      Name of the recipe to report (omit to report upgrade info for all recipes)

   options:
     -h, --help  show this help message and exit
     --all, -a   Show all recipes, not just recipes needing upgrade

Unless you provide a specific recipe name on the command line, the
command checks all recipes in all configured layers.

Here is a partial example table that reports on all the recipes.
Notice the reported reason for not upgrading the ``base-passwd`` recipe.
In this example, while a new version is available upstream, you do not
want to use it because the dependency on ``cdebconf`` is not easily
satisfied. Maintainers can explicit the reason that is shown by adding
the :term:`RECIPE_NO_UPDATE_REASON` variable to the corresponding recipe.
See :yocto_git:`base-passwd.bb </poky/tree/meta/recipes-core/base-passwd/base-passwd_3.5.29.bb>`
for an example::

   $ devtool check-upgrade-status
   ...
   INFO: bind                      9.16.20         9.16.21         Armin Kuster <akuster808@gmail.com>
   INFO: inetutils                 2.1             2.2             Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
   INFO: iproute2                  5.13.0          5.14.0          Changhyeok Bae <changhyeok.bae@gmail.com>
   INFO: openssl                   1.1.1l          3.0.0           Alexander Kanavin <alex.kanavin@gmail.com>
   INFO: base-passwd               3.5.29          3.5.51          Anuj Mittal <anuj.mittal@intel.com>  cannot be updated due to: Version 3.5.38 requires cdebconf for update-passwd utility
   ...

Last but not least, you may set :term:`UPSTREAM_VERSION_UNKNOWN` to ``1``
in a recipe when there's currently no way to determine its latest upstream
version.

.. _devtool-upgrading-a-recipe:

Upgrading a Recipe
==================

As software matures, upstream recipes are upgraded to newer versions. As
a developer, you need to keep your local recipes up-to-date with the
upstream version releases. There are several ways of upgrading recipes.
You can read about them in the ":ref:`dev-manual/upgrading-recipes:upgrading recipes`"
section of the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. This section
overviews the ``devtool upgrade`` command.

Before you upgrade a recipe, you can check on its upgrade status. See
the ":ref:`devtool-checking-on-the-upgrade-status-of-a-recipe`" section
for more information.

The ``devtool upgrade`` command upgrades an existing recipe to a more
recent version of the recipe upstream. The command puts the upgraded
recipe file along with any associated files into a "workspace" and, if
necessary, extracts the source tree to a specified location. During the
upgrade, patches associated with the recipe are rebased or added as
needed.

When you use the ``devtool upgrade`` command, you must supply the root
name of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or extensions), and you must
supply the directory to which you want the source extracted. Additional
command options let you control things such as the version number to
which you want to upgrade (i.e. the :term:`PV`), the source
revision to which you want to upgrade (i.e. the
:term:`SRCREV`), whether or not to apply patches, and so
forth.

You can read more on the ``devtool upgrade`` workflow in the
":ref:`sdk-manual/extensible:use \`\`devtool upgrade\`\` to create a version of the recipe that supports a newer version of the software`"
section in the Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible
Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual. You can also see an example of
how to use ``devtool upgrade`` in the ":ref:`dev-manual/upgrading-recipes:using ``devtool upgrade```"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.

.. _devtool-resetting-a-recipe:

Resetting a Recipe
==================

Use the ``devtool reset`` command to remove a recipe and its
configuration (e.g. the corresponding ``.bbappend`` file) from the
workspace layer. Realize that this command deletes the recipe and the
append file. The command does not physically move them for you.
Consequently, you must be sure to physically relocate your updated
recipe and the append file outside of the workspace layer before running
the ``devtool reset`` command.

If the ``devtool reset`` command detects that the recipe or the append
files have been modified, the command preserves the modified files in a
separate "attic" subdirectory under the workspace layer.

Here is an example that resets the workspace directory that contains the
``mtr`` recipe::

   $ devtool reset mtr
   NOTE: Cleaning sysroot for recipe mtr...
   NOTE: Leaving source tree /home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/sources/mtr as-is; if you no longer need it then please delete it manually
   $

.. _devtool-finish-working-on-a-recipe:

Finish Working on a Recipe
==========================

Use the ``devtool finish`` command to push any committed changes to the
specified recipe in the specified layer and remove it from your workspace.

This is roughly equivalent to the ``devtool update-recipe`` command followed by
the ``devtool reset`` command. The changes must have been committed to the git
repository created by ``devtool``. Here is an example::

  $ devtool finish recipe /path/to/custom/layer

.. _devtool-building-your-recipe:

Building Your Recipe
====================

Use the ``devtool build`` command to build your recipe. The
``devtool build`` command is equivalent to the
``bitbake -c populate_sysroot`` command.

When you use the ``devtool build`` command, you must supply the root
name of the recipe (i.e. do not provide versions, paths, or extensions).
You can use either the ``-s`` or the ``--disable-parallel-make`` options to
disable parallel makes during the build. Here is an example::

   $ devtool build recipe

.. _devtool-building-your-image:

Building Your Image
===================

Use the ``devtool build-image`` command to build an image, extending it
to include packages from recipes in the workspace. Using this command is
useful when you want an image that ready for immediate deployment onto a
device for testing. For proper integration into a final image, you need
to edit your custom image recipe appropriately.

When you use the ``devtool build-image`` command, you must supply the
name of the image. This command has no command line options::

   $ devtool build-image image

.. _devtool-deploying-your-software-on-the-target-machine:

Deploying Your Software on the Target Machine
=============================================

Use the ``devtool deploy-target`` command to deploy the recipe's build
output to the live target machine::

   $ devtool deploy-target recipe target

The target is the address of the target machine, which must be running
an SSH server (i.e. ``user@hostname[:destdir]``).

This command deploys all files installed during the
:ref:`ref-tasks-install` task. Furthermore, you do not
need to have package management enabled within the target machine. If
you do, the package manager is bypassed.

.. note::

   The ``deploy-target`` functionality is for development only. You
   should never use it to update an image that will be used in
   production.

Some conditions could prevent a deployed application from
behaving as expected. When both of the following conditions are met, your
application has the potential to not behave correctly when run on the
target:

-  You are deploying a new application to the target and the recipe you
   used to build the application had correctly defined runtime
   dependencies.

-  The target does not physically have the packages on which the
   application depends installed.

If both of these conditions are met, your application will not behave as
expected. The reason for this misbehavior is because the
``devtool deploy-target`` command does not deploy the packages (e.g.
libraries) on which your new application depends. The assumption is that
the packages are already on the target. Consequently, when a runtime
call is made in the application for a dependent function (e.g. a library
call), the function cannot be found.

.. warning::

   Runtime dependencies can be explicitly listed in the :term:`RDEPENDS`
   variable, but may also be the result of a :term:`DEPENDS` assignment in your
   application's recipe. This is usually the case when your application depends
   on libraries for compilation: these libraries are listed as build-time
   dependencies in the :term:`DEPENDS` variable in your application's recipe.
   However these may also be runtime dependencies if they install shared objects
   on which your application will dynamically link to at runtime (e.g. shared
   libraries ending with ``.so``).

   These runtime dependencies are automatically resolved by the
   :term:`OpenEmbedded Build System` during the packaging phase. Since
   ``devtool`` ignores packaging dependencies, they will not be installed
   automatically with ``devtool deploy-target``.

   For more information on how the :term:`OpenEmbedded Build System` handles
   packaging, see the :ref:`overview-manual/concepts:Automatically Added Runtime
   Dependencies` section of the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.

To be sure you have all the dependencies local to the target, you need
to be sure that the packages are pre-deployed (installed) on the target
before attempting to run your application.

.. _devtool-removing-your-software-from-the-target-machine:

Removing Your Software from the Target Machine
==============================================

Use the ``devtool undeploy-target`` command to remove deployed build
output from the target machine. For the ``devtool undeploy-target``
command to work, you must have previously used the
":ref:`devtool deploy-target <ref-manual/devtool-reference:deploying your software on the target machine>`"
command.
::

   $ devtool undeploy-target recipe target

The target is the
address of the target machine, which must be running an SSH server (i.e.
``user@hostname``).

.. _devtool-creating-the-workspace:

Creating the Workspace Layer in an Alternative Location
=======================================================

Use the ``devtool create-workspace`` command to create a new workspace
layer in your :term:`Build Directory`. When you create a
new workspace layer, it is populated with the ``README`` file and the
``conf`` directory only.

The following example creates a new workspace layer in your current
working and by default names the workspace layer "workspace"::

   $ devtool create-workspace

You can create a workspace layer anywhere by supplying a pathname with
the command. The following command creates a new workspace layer named
"new-workspace"::

   $ devtool create-workspace /home/scottrif/new-workspace

.. _devtool-get-the-status-of-the-recipes-in-your-workspace:

Get the Status of the Recipes in Your Workspace
===============================================

Use the ``devtool status`` command to list the recipes currently in your
workspace. Information includes the paths to their respective external
source trees.

The ``devtool status`` command has no command-line options::

   $ devtool status

Here is sample output after using
:ref:`devtool add <ref-manual/devtool-reference:adding a new recipe to the workspace layer>`
to create and add the ``mtr_0.86.bb`` recipe to the ``workspace`` directory::

   $ devtool status
   mtr:/home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/sources/mtr (/home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/recipes/mtr/mtr_0.86.bb)
   $

.. _devtool-search-for-available-target-recipes:

Search for Available Target Recipes
===================================

Use the ``devtool search`` command to search for available target
recipes. The command matches the recipe name, package name, description,
and installed files. The command displays the recipe name as a result of
a match.

When you use the ``devtool search`` command, you must supply a keyword.
The command uses the keyword when searching for a match.

Alternatively, the ``devtool find-recipe`` command can be used to search for
recipe files instead of recipe names. Likewise, you must supply a keyword.

.. _devtool-get-the-configure-script-help:

Get Information on Recipe Configuration Scripts
===============================================

Use the ``devtool configure-help`` command to get help on the configuration
script options for a given recipe. You must supply the recipe name to the
command. For example, it shows the output of ``./configure --help`` for
:ref:`autotools <ref-classes-autotools>`-based recipes.

The ``configure-help`` command will also display the configuration options
currently in use, including the ones passed through the :term:`EXTRA_OECONF`
variable.
